LanguageCert Academic
LanguageCert Academic Writing Part 1: Academic Report/Article | Complete Guide
What is the Academic Report/Article Task? The Academic Report/Article is Part 1 of the LanguageCert Academic …
What is the Discursive Essay Task?
The Discursive Essay is Part 2 of the LanguageCert Academic Writing section and carries significant weight in your overall score. This task requires you to write a 250-word essay that presents arguments on both sides of an issue before expressing your own reasoned opinion.
A discursive essay demonstrates your ability to:
- Analyze a topic from multiple perspectives
- Present balanced, well-supported arguments
- Use appropriate academic language and structure
- Form and express a reasoned conclusion
This is the longer and more demanding of the two writing tasks, requiring you to demonstrate sophisticated argumentation skills within a concise format.
Task Format
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Task Type | Discursive Essay |
| Word Count | Approximately 250 words |
| Recommended Time | 25-30 minutes |
| Input | Essay prompt presenting a debatable topic |
| Focus Areas | Balanced arguments, essay structure, expressing opinion |
| Assessment | Content, organization, language, accuracy |
Discursive Essay Structure
A high-scoring discursive essay follows a clear four-paragraph structure:
Paragraph 1: Introduction (~40-50 words)
Purpose: Introduce the topic and establish your essay’s direction.
Structure:
- Hook or context statement
- Brief background on the issue
- Thesis statement indicating you’ll examine both sides
Example:
The increasing integration of artificial intelligence in education has sparked considerable debate among educators and policymakers. While proponents highlight its potential to personalize learning, critics raise concerns about its impact on human interaction. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting a reasoned conclusion.
Paragraph 2: First Perspective (~70-80 words)
Purpose: Present arguments supporting one side of the issue.
Structure:
- Topic sentence stating the perspective
- First supporting argument with explanation
- Second supporting argument or example
- Brief concluding statement
Example:
Advocates of AI in education argue that it offers significant benefits for students. Firstly, AI-powered systems can adapt to individual learning speeds and styles, providing personalized support that would be impossible in traditional classrooms. Additionally, these technologies can offer immediate feedback on assignments, allowing students to identify and correct mistakes quickly. Such advantages suggest that AI could substantially enhance educational outcomes.
Paragraph 3: Opposing Perspective (~70-80 words)
Purpose: Present counterarguments fairly and thoroughly.
Structure:
- Transition + topic sentence for opposing view
- First counterargument with support
- Second counterargument or evidence
- Brief acknowledgment of validity
Example:
However, opponents of educational AI raise equally valid concerns. Critics argue that over-reliance on technology may diminish valuable human interaction between teachers and students, which is essential for developing social and emotional skills. Furthermore, there are significant concerns about data privacy and the potential for AI systems to perpetuate existing biases. These arguments suggest that the adoption of AI in education requires careful consideration.
Paragraph 4: Conclusion (~50-60 words)
Purpose: Synthesize arguments and express your reasoned opinion.
Structure:
- Brief summary of both perspectives
- Your position (clearly stated)
- Justification for your view
- Final thought or recommendation
Example:
In conclusion, while both perspectives present compelling arguments, I believe that AI can be a valuable educational tool when implemented thoughtfully. The key lies in striking a balance—utilizing AI to enhance personalized learning while preserving essential human elements of education. Careful regulation and teacher training will be crucial for successful integration.
Key Strategies for Discursive Essays
1. Understand the Essay Type
Discursive essays are NOT one-sided arguments. You must:
- Present multiple viewpoints fairly
- Show you understand the complexity of the issue
- Reach a balanced, nuanced conclusion
2. Plan Your Essay (3-5 minutes)
Before writing, create a quick outline:
Topic: [Main issue]
FOR:
- Argument 1: [point + support]
- Argument 2: [point + support]
AGAINST:
- Argument 1: [point + support]
- Argument 2: [point + support]
MY VIEW: [Your position + reason]
3. Use Balanced Language
| One-Sided (Avoid) | Balanced (Use) |
|---|---|
| Everyone knows that… | Some argue that… |
| Obviously… | It can be suggested that… |
| The only solution is… | One potential approach is… |
| It’s clear that… | Evidence indicates that… |
| Without doubt… | On balance… |
4. Present Strong Arguments for BOTH Sides
Even if you strongly agree with one position, give equal weight to opposing views. This demonstrates critical thinking.
5. Use Sophisticated Linking Words
Introducing arguments:
- “Proponents of X argue that…”
- “Those in favor contend that…”
- “Supporters maintain that…”
Introducing counterarguments:
- “However, critics point out that…”
- “On the other hand, opponents suggest…”
- “Conversely, some argue that…”
- “Nevertheless, there are valid concerns regarding…”
Expressing your opinion:
- “In my view…”
- “I would argue that…”
- “On balance, I believe…”
- “Taking all factors into account…”
6. Provide Specific Support
Don’t just state arguments—support them:
Weak: “Social media is bad for teenagers.” Strong: “Research indicates that excessive social media use correlates with increased anxiety and depression among teenagers, particularly due to social comparison.”
Sample Prompt and Model Response
Sample Prompt:
“Some people believe that universities should focus primarily on preparing students for employment, while others argue that higher education should prioritize broader intellectual development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”
Model Response (253 words):
The Purpose of Higher Education
The debate over whether universities should prioritize employability or intellectual development remains contentious in contemporary education discourse. This essay examines both perspectives before presenting a reasoned position.
Proponents of employment-focused education argue that universities have a responsibility to prepare graduates for the workforce. In an increasingly competitive job market, students invest significant time and money in their degrees, expecting tangible career outcomes. Practical skills, industry partnerships, and vocational training can help graduates secure employment more quickly, benefiting both individuals and the economy. Furthermore, employers increasingly expect graduates to possess job-ready skills upon graduation.
However, advocates of broader intellectual development contend that education should transcend mere job preparation. Universities have traditionally served as institutions that foster critical thinking, creativity, and a deep understanding of the human condition. These transferable skills, supporters argue, ultimately produce more adaptable, innovative professionals capable of navigating an unpredictable future. Moreover, reducing education to vocational training risks producing graduates who lack the broader perspective needed to address complex societal challenges.
In my view, the most effective approach combines both perspectives. Universities should equip students with practical skills while simultaneously nurturing intellectual curiosity and critical thinking. A balanced curriculum that includes both career-oriented modules and humanities courses would produce well-rounded graduates prepared for immediate employment yet capable of lifelong learning and adaptation. The dichotomy between employability and intellectual development is ultimately a false one—the best education achieves both objectives.
Why This Response Scores Highly:
- ✅ Clear four-paragraph structure with logical flow
- ✅ Balanced presentation of both perspectives
- ✅ Sophisticated vocabulary (contentious, transcend, vocational, transferable)
- ✅ Specific supporting points for each argument
- ✅ Appropriate linking words (However, Furthermore, Moreover)
- ✅ Clear opinion in conclusion with justification
- ✅ Nuanced position that synthesizes both views
- ✅ Within word limit (253 words)
Scoring Criteria
Your discursive essay is assessed on four criteria:
1. Task Achievement (25%)
- Have you addressed the topic fully?
- Are arguments for both sides presented?
- Is your opinion clear and supported?
- Is the response the appropriate length?
2. Coherence and Cohesion (25%)
- Is the essay logically organized?
- Are paragraphs well-structured?
- Are linking words used effectively?
- Does the essay flow smoothly?
3. Lexical Resource (25%)
- Is vocabulary varied and sophisticated?
- Are academic terms used appropriately?
- Are collocations natural and accurate?
- Is word choice precise?
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy (25%)
- Is there variety in sentence structures?
- Are complex sentences used effectively?
- Is grammar accurate throughout?
- Is punctuation correct?
Essential Transition Phrases
For Introducing Ideas
| Purpose | Phrases |
|---|---|
| First argument | Firstly, To begin with, The primary argument is |
| Adding points | Furthermore, Moreover, Additionally, In addition |
| Examples | For instance, For example, Such as, Notably |
For Showing Contrast
| Purpose | Phrases |
|---|---|
| Opposing view | However, On the other hand, Conversely, In contrast |
| Concession | Although, While, Despite, Notwithstanding |
| Nevertheless | Nevertheless, Nonetheless, Even so, That said |
For Concluding
| Purpose | Phrases |
|---|---|
| Summary | In conclusion, To summarize, In summary, Overall |
| Opinion | In my view, I believe, I would argue, It seems to me |
| Final point | Ultimately, On balance, Taking everything into account |
Argument Development Templates
Template 1: For-Against-Opinion
[Introduction]
The question of whether [topic] has generated significant debate.
While [brief mention of side A], others [brief mention of side B].
This essay will examine both perspectives.
[Body 1: Supporting View]
Supporters of [position A] argue that [argument 1].
[Explanation/evidence]. Additionally, [argument 2].
[Supporting detail]. These points suggest [brief conclusion].
[Body 2: Opposing View]
However, critics contend that [argument 1].
[Explanation/evidence]. Furthermore, [argument 2].
[Supporting detail]. Such concerns cannot be dismissed.
[Conclusion]
In conclusion, while both views have merit, I believe [your position].
This is because [main reason]. [Final recommendation/thought].
Template 2: Balanced Synthesis
[Introduction]
[Topic] remains a subject of ongoing debate.
This essay explores the arguments on both sides before offering a conclusion.
[Body 1: Perspective A]
Proponents argue that [argument].
Evidence suggests that [support]. Moreover, [additional point].
[Body 2: Perspective B]
Conversely, opponents maintain that [argument].
Research indicates that [support]. Additionally, [additional point].
[Conclusion]
On balance, I would argue that [nuanced position incorporating both views].
The key is to [balanced recommendation].
Practice Tips
- Practice timed writing — Complete essays in 25-30 minutes to build exam stamina
- Brainstorm common topics — Prepare arguments for technology, education, environment, health, society, and work
- Study model essays — Analyze high-scoring responses to understand what works
- Build academic vocabulary — Learn 5-10 new academic words weekly and practice using them
- Practice paragraph transitions — Smooth connections between ideas are crucial
- Get feedback regularly — Have your essays assessed to identify weaknesses
- Read opinion pieces — Quality newspapers and academic journals expose you to argumentation styles
Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ One-Sided Arguments
Wrong: Only presenting arguments you agree with. Correct: Present BOTH sides fairly, even if you disagree with one.
❌ No Clear Opinion
Wrong: Ending without stating your view. Correct: Clearly state your position in the conclusion with justification.
❌ Weak Topic Sentences
Wrong: “There are some advantages to this.” Correct: “Proponents of remote work argue that it significantly improves work-life balance.”
❌ Unsupported Arguments
Wrong: “Technology is bad for children.” Correct: “Studies suggest that excessive screen time may impair attention spans in young children.”
❌ Repetitive Vocabulary
Wrong: Using “important” five times. Correct: Vary with: significant, crucial, essential, vital, key
❌ Poor Paragraph Structure
Wrong: One long paragraph or five short ones. Correct: Four clear paragraphs: Introduction, For, Against, Conclusion
❌ Informal Language
Wrong: “Lots of people think this is a really big problem.” Correct: “A significant proportion of experts consider this a substantial concern.”
❌ Extreme Statements
Wrong: “Everyone agrees that…” or “This will definitely…” Correct: “Many argue that…” or “This may potentially…”
Topic Categories to Prepare
Practice brainstorming arguments for these common discursive essay topics:
Technology
- AI and employment
- Social media effects
- Privacy vs. security
- Online education
Education
- Traditional vs. modern methods
- University purpose
- Standardized testing
- Early specialization
Environment
- Individual vs. government responsibility
- Economic development vs. conservation
- Renewable energy transition
- Urban development
Society
- Work-life balance
- Immigration policies
- Gender equality
- Aging populations
Health
- Public health restrictions
- Healthcare funding
- Mental health awareness
- Lifestyle choices
Quick Reference Checklist
Before submitting your essay, check:
- Introduction introduces topic and indicates balanced approach
- Body Paragraph 1 presents first perspective with 2+ supported arguments
- Body Paragraph 2 presents opposing view with 2+ supported arguments
- Conclusion synthesizes views and clearly states your opinion
- Linking words connect ideas smoothly throughout
- Vocabulary is varied and academic in register
- Grammar is accurate with variety in sentence structures
- Word count is approximately 250 words (240-260 acceptable)
- Spelling and punctuation have been checked
Ready to Practice?
Writing high-scoring discursive essays requires regular practice with proper feedback. The most effective way to improve is through:
- Timed practice under real exam conditions
- Immediate, detailed feedback on content and language
- Analyzing model essays to understand scoring criteria
- Building a bank of arguments for common topics
Start practicing LanguageCert Academic Writing tasks with AI-powered scoring and personalized feedback on our practice platform.